Publications

Dr Sara Gandy, Jessica Hall, Grace Plahe, David Jonhson, Richard Birtles, Lucy Gilbert (2026). Temporal and spatial drivers of Lyme disease hazard differ between urban and rural environments. In Landscape and Urban Planning.

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Kayleigh Hansford, Faye Brown, Sarah Biddlecombe, Jonathan Yardley, Emmanuella Luce, Dr Sara Gandy, Colin Johston, Nicola Jones, Anthony Abbott, Beth Mackenzie, Anna Rance, Meghan-Louise Meban, Andrew Nelson, Christopher Williams, Dominic Mellor, Amanda Semper, Christina Petridou, Rachel Pudney, Jolyon Medlock (2026). Mapping ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) and informing local public actions: Insights from the United Kingdom Ticks Surveillance Scheme (2021-2024). In Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases.

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Dr Sara Gandy, Fernanda Sanchez-Rodriguez, William McLellan, Fanny Olsthoorn, Marianne James, Paul Johnson, Roman Biek, Hein Sprong, Manoj Fonville, Caroline Millins, Ken Forbes, Alan Bowman, Jaboury Ghazoul, Lucy Gilbert (2026). Disentangling complex disease ecology networks: Using structural equation modelling to quantify the direct and indirect effects of deer on Lyme borreliosis hazard. In Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases.

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Dr Sara Gandy, Jessica Hall, Grace Plahe, Kirsty Watkinson, David Johnson, Richard Birtles, Lucy Gilbert (2025). The dependence of urban tick and Lyme disease hazards on the hinterlands. In Nature Cities.

Dr Sara Gandy, Faye Brown, Nicola Jones, Sarah Biddlecombe, Georgia Kirby, Colin Johnson, Kayleigh Hansford, Alexander Vaux, Ternenge Apaa, Nicholas Johnson, Jolyon Medlock (2025). The role of large ungulate grazers on Ixodes ricinus and tick-borne pathogens in the New Forest - a case study for future rewilded landscapes. In Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases.

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Emma Widlake, Roksana Wilson, Jack Pilgrim, Alexander Vaux, Jolanta Taniasis-Hughes, Amirah Haziqah-Rashid, Ken Sherlock, Agata Delnicka, Amelia Simpson, Anthony Abbott, Colin Johnston, Jude Martin, Kendall Barlow, Eloise Aliski, Saffron Shiels, Dr Sara Gandy, Sarah Biddlecombe, Joanna deKlerk, Luigi Sedda, Jolyon Medlock, Matthew Baylis, Marcus Blagrove (2025). Spatial distribution of Culex mosquitoes across England and Wales, July 2023. In Parasites & Vectors.

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Dr Sara Gandy, Faye Brown, Jonathan Yardley, Nicola Jones, Anthony Abbott, Sarah Biddlecombe, Colin Johnson, Kayleigh Hansford, Andrew Nelson, Christopher Williams, Jolyon Medlock (2025). An update on Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. prevalence and hazard in ticks at recreational areas in England and Wales between 2021 and 2023. In Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases.

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Mia White, Jack Crook, Kayleigh Hansford, Daniel Carter, Michael Elmore, Colin Johnston, Dr Sara Gandy, Kuiama Lewandowski, Alexander Vaux, Karen Osman, Richard Vipond, Jolyon Medlock, Edward Feil, Steven Pullan (2025). A full-length 16S survey using Nanopore sequencing to uncover the bacterial microbiome in Ixodes ricinus ticks from a single UK woodland, collected across three springs (2019-2021). In Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases.

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Elliot Gould, Hannah S. Fraser, Timothy H. Parker, Shinichi Nakagawa, Simon C. Griffith, Peter A. Vesk, Fiona Fidler, Daniel G. Hamilton, Robin N. Abbey-Lee, Jessica K. Abbott, Luis A. Aguirre, Carles Alcaraz, Irith Aloni, Drew Altschul, Kunal Arekar, Jeff W. Atkins, Joe Atkinson, Christopher M. Baker, Meghan Barrett, Kristian Bell, Suleiman Kehinde Bello, Iván Beltrán, Bernd J. Berauer, Michael Grant Bertram, Peter D. Billman, Charlie K. Blake, Shannon Blake, Louis Bliard, Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati, Timothée Bonnet, Camille Nina Marion Bordes, Aneesh P. H. Bose, Thomas Botterill-James, Melissa Anna Boyd, Sarah A. Boyle, Tom Bradfer-Lawrence, Jennifer Bradham, Jack A. Brand, Martin I. Brengdahl, Martin Bulla, Luc Bussière, Ettore Camerlenghi, Sara E. Campbell, Leonardo L. F. Campos, Anthony Caravaggi, Pedro Cardoso, Charles J. W. Carroll, Therese A. Catanach, Xuan Chen, Heung Ying Janet Chik, Emily Sarah Choy, Alec Philip Christie, Angela Chuang, Amanda J. Chunco, Bethany L. Clark, Andrea Contina, Garth A. Covernton, Murray P. Cox, Kimberly A. Cressman, Marco Crotti, Connor Davidson Crouch, Pietro B. D’Amelio, Alexandra Allison de Sousa, Timm Fabian Döbert, Ralph Dobler, Adam J. Dobson, Tim S. Doherty, Szymon Marian Drobniak, Alexandra Grace Duffy, Alison B. Duncan, Robert P. Dunn, Jamie Dunning, Trishna Dutta, Luke Eberhar-Hertel, Jared Alan Elmore, Mahmoud Medhat Elsherif, Holly M. English, David C. Ensminger, Ulrich Rainer Ernst, Stephen M. Ferguson, Esteban Fernandez-Juricic, Thalita Ferreira, Arruda- John Fieberg, Elizabeth A. Finch, Evan A. Fiorenza, David N. Fisher, Amélie Fontaine, Wolfgang Forstmeier, Yoan Fourcade, Graham S. Frank, Cathryn A. Freund, Eduardo Fuentes-Lillo, Dr Sara Gandy, Dustin G. Gannon, Ana I. García-Cervigón, Alexis C. Garretson, Xuezhen Ge, William L. Geary, Charly Géron, Marc Gilles, Antje Girndt, Daniel Gliksman, Harrison B. Goldspiel, Dylan G. E. Gomes, Megan Kate Good, Sarah C. Goslee, J. Stephen Gosnell, Eliza M. Grames, Paolo Gratton, Nicholas M. Grebe, Skye M. Greenler, Maaike Griffioen, Daniel M. Griffith, Frances J. Griffith, Jake J. Grossman, Ali Güncan, Stef Haesen, James G. Hagan, Heather A. Hager, Jonathan Philo Harris, Natasha Dean Harrison, Sarah Syedia Hasnain, Justin Chase Havird, Andrew J. Heaton, María Laura Herrera-Chaustre, Tanner J. Howard, Bin-Yan Hsu, Fabiola Iannarilli, Esperanza C. Iranzo, Erik N. K. Iverson, Saheed Olaide Jimoh, Douglas H. Johnson, Martin Johnsson, Jesse Jorna, Tommaso Jucker, Martin Jung, Ineta Kačergytė, Oliver Kaltz, Alison Ke, Clint D. Kelly, Katharine Keogan, Friedrich Wolfgang Keppeler, Alexander K. Killion, Dongmin Kim, David P. Kochan, Peter Korsten, Shan Kothari, Jonas Kuppler, Jillian M. Kusch, Malgorzata Lagisz, Kristen Marianne Lalla, Daniel J. Larkin, Courtney L. Larson, Katherine S. Lauck, M. Elise Lauterbur, Alan Law, Don-Jean Léandri-Breton, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Kiara L’Herpiniere, Eva J. P. Lievens, Daniela Oliveira de Lima, Shane Lindsay- Martin Luquet, Ross MacLeod, Kirsty H. Macphie, Kit Magellan, Magdalena M. Mair, Lisa E. Malm, Stefano Mammola, Caitlin P. Mandeville, Michael Manhart, Laura Milena Manrique-Garzon, Elina Mäntylä, Philippe Marchand, Benjamin Michael Marshall, Charles A. Martin, Dominic Andreas Martin, Jake Mitchell Martin, April Robin Martinig, Erin S. McCallum, Mark McCauley, Sabrina M. McNew, Scott J. Meiners, Thomas Merkling, Marcus Michelangeli, Maria Moiron, Bruno Moreira, Jennifer Mortensen, Benjamin Mos, Taofeek Olatunbosun Muraina, Penelope Wrenn Murphy, Luca Nelli, Petri Niemelä, Josh Nightingale, Gustav Nilsonne, Sergio Nolazco, Sabine S. Nooten, Jessie Lanterman Novotny, Agnes Birgitta Olin, Chris L. Organ, Kate L. Ostevik, Facundo Xavier Palacio, Matthieu Paquet, Darren James Parker, David J. Pascall, Valerie J. Pasquarella, John Harold Paterson, Ana Payo-Payo, Karen Marie Pedersen, Grégoire Perez, Kayla I. Perry, Patrice Pottier, Michael J. Proulx, Raphaël Proulx, Jessica L Pruett, Veronarindra Ramananjato, Finaritra Tolotra Randimbiarison, Onja H. Razafindratsima, Diana J. Rennison, Federico Riva, Sepand Riyahi, Michael James Roast, Felipe Pereira Rocha, Dominique G. Roche, Cristian Román-Palacios, Michael S. Rosenberg, Jessica Ross, Freya E. Rowland, Deusdedith Rugemalila, Avery L. Russell, Suvi Ruuskanen, Patrick Saccone, Asaf Sadeh, Stephen M. Salazar, Kris Sales, Pablo Salmón, Alfredo Sánchez-Tójar, Leticia Pereira Santos, Francesca Santostefano, Hayden T. Schilling, Marcus Schmidt, Tim Schmoll, Adam C. Schneider, Allie E. Schrock, Julia Schroeder, Nicolas Schtickzelle, Nick L. Schultz, Drew A. Scott, Michael Peter Scroggie, Julie Teresa Shapiro, Nitika Sharma, Caroline L. Shearer, Diego Simón, Michael I. Sitvarin, Fabrício Luiz Skupien, Heather Lea Slinn, Grania Polly Smith, Jeremy A. Smith, Rahel Sollmann, Kaitlin Stack Whitney, Shannon Michael Still, Erica F. Stuber, Guy F. Sutton, Ben Swallow, Conor Claverie Taff, Elina Takola, Andrew J. Tanentzap, Rocío Tarjuelo, Richard J. Telford, Christopher J. Thawley, Hugo Thierry, Jacqueline Thomson, Svenja Tidau, Emily M. Tompkins, Claire Marie Tortorelli, Andrew Trlica, Biz R. Turnell, Lara Urban, Stijn Van de Vondel, Jessica Eva Megan van der Wal, Jens Van Eeckhoven, Francis van Oordt, K. Michelle Vanderwel, Mark C. Vanderwel, Karen J. Vanderwolf, Juliana Vélez, Diana Carolina Vergara-Florez, Brian C. Verrelli, Marcus Vinícius Vieira, Nora Villamil, Valerio Vitali, Julien Vollering, Jeffrey Walker, Xanthe J. Walker, Jonathan A. Walter, Pawel Waryszak, Ryan J. Weaver, Ronja E. M. Wedegärtner, Daniel L. Weller, Shannon Whelan, Rachel Louise White, David William Wolfson, Andrew Wood, Scott W. Yanco, Jian D. L. Yen, Casey Youngflesh, Giacomo Zilio, Cédric Zimmer, Gregory Mark Zimmerman, Rachel A. Zitomer (2025). Same data, different analysts: variation in effect sizes due to analytical decisions in ecology and evolutionary biology. In BMC Biolo.

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Fanny Olsthoorn, Lucy Gilbert, Manoj Fonville, Nolwenn Blache, Livia May, Flavia Mondini, Ronny Rotbarth, Corinne Schlierenzauer, Dr Sara Gandy, Hein Sprong, Jaboury Ghazoul (2025). Woodland expansion and deer management shape tick abundance and Lyme disease hazard. In Ecological Solutions and Evidence.

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Dr Sara Gandy, Jolyon Medlock, Mia White, Robert Kohl, Hein Sprong, Kayleigh Hansford (2024). Ixodes ricinus (Acari, Ixodidae) ticks and tick-borne pathogen prevalence on the Isle of Wight – an island perspective in southern England. In Journal of the European Mosquito Control Association.

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Jolyon Medlock, Frances Hawkes, Robert Cheke, G Gibson, Anthony Abbott, Benjamin Cull, Dr Sara Gandy, Harrison Hardy, T Acott, Alexander Vaux (2024). Mosquito diversity and abundance in English wetlands – empirical evidence to guide predictions for wetland suitability for mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). In Journal of the European Mosquito Control Association.

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Mirjam Schilling, Megan Golding, Ben Jones, Karen Mansfield, Dr Sara Gandy, Jolyon Medlock, Nicholas Johnson (2024). Sequences Related to Chimay Rhabdovirus Are Widely Distributed in Ixodes ricinus Ticks across England and Wales. In Viruses.

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Dr Sara Gandy, Jolyon Medlock, Ben Cull, Rob Smith, Zoe Gibney, Sanam Sewgobind, Insiyah Parekh, Sophie Harding, Nicholas Johnson, Kayleigh Hansford (2023). Detection of Babesia species in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in England and Wales. In Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases.

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Ternenge Apaa, Harriet McFadzean, Dr Sara Gandy, Kayleigh Hansford, Jolyon Medlock, Nicholas Johnson (2023). Anaplasma phagocytophilum Ecotype Analysis in Cattle from Great Britain. In Pathogens.

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Jolyon Medlock, Dr Sara Gandy, Colin Johnston, Zatanya Handfield, Kenrick Neely, Alexander Vaux (2022). Snap-shot assessment of adult mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) densities on the Turks and Caicos Islands, February 2022. In JEMCA.

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Dr Sara Gandy, Kayleigh Hansford, Jolyon Medlock (2022). Possible expansion of Ixodes ricinus in the United Kingdom identified through the Tick Surveillance Scheme between 2013 and 2020. In Medical and Veterinary Entomology.

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Kayleigh Hansford, Dr Sara Gandy, Emma Gillingham, Liz McGinley, Benjamin Cull, Colin Johnston, Matthew Catton, Jolyon Medlock (2022). Mapping and monitoring tick (Acari, Ixodida) distribution, seasonality, and host associations in the United Kingdom between 2017 and 2020. In Medical and Veterinary Entomology.

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Jolyon Medlock, Rhian Guillem, Colin Johnston, Dr Sara Gandy, Steven Findlay-Wilson, Kevin Desoisa, Francis Schaffner, Alexander Vaux (2022). The first 6 years of surveillance of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Gibraltar. In JEMCA.

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Dr Sara Gandy, Elizabeth Kilbride, Roman Biek, Caroline Millins, Lucy Gilbert (2022). No net effect of host density on tick-borne disease hazard due to opposing roles of vector amplification and pathogen dilution. In Ecology and Evolution.

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Jolyon Medlock, Alexander Vaux, Dr Sara Gandy, Benjamin Cull, Liz McGinley, Emma Gillingham, Matthew Catton, Steven Pullan, Kayleigh Hansford (2022). Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the density of Borrelia burgdorferi ‐infected Ixodes ricinus ticks across a landscape: A 5‐year study in southern England. In Medical and Veterinary Entomology.

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Dr Sara Gandy, Kayleigh Hansford, Liz McGinley, Ben Cull, Rob Smith, Amanda Semper, Tim Brooks, Manoj Fonville, Hein Sprong, Paul Phipps, Nicholas Johnson, Jolyon Medlock (2022). Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in questing Ixodes ricinus nymphs across twenty recreational areas in England and Wales. In Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases.

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Jolyon Medlock, Kayleigh Hansford, Dr Sara Gandy, Alexander Vaux, Emma Keane, Paul Phipps, Nick Johnson (2022). Managing red sheep ticks in Sussex. In The Veterinary Record.

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Dr Sara Gandy, Elizabeth Kilbride, Roman Biek, Caroline Millins, Lucy Gilbert (2021). Experimental evidence for opposing effects of high deer density on tick-borne pathogen prevalence and hazard. In Parasites & Vectors.

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Kayleigh Hansford, Liz McGinley, Samantha Wilkinson, Emma Gillingham, Benjamin Cull, Dr Sara Gandy, Dan Carter, Alexander Vaux, Simon Richards, Alister Hayes, Jolyon Medlock (2021). Ixodes ricinus and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the Royal Parks of London, UK. Experimental and Applied Acarology.

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